What is Astigmatism?
Astigmatism is a common refractive error caused by an imperfection in the curvature of the eye’s cornea or lens. This condition occurs when either the cornea or the lens inside of the eye has mismatched curves. Instead of having one curve similar to a round ball, the surface is shaped like an egg. This can cause blurred vision at all distances and make it hard to see distant objects. Mild astigmatism may cause only subtle vision changes, while more significant cases can have a greater impact on daily activities. Corneal astigmatism can also occur along with other refractive errors and vision problems such as nearsightedness or farsightedness. In some cases, irregular astigmatism develops when the cornea has an uneven or distorted shape, often due to injury, scarring, or certain eye conditions.
Common astigmatism symptoms include:
- Distorted or blurry vision.
- Eyestrain or eye discomfort.
- Difficulty seeing at night.
- Headaches.
- Squinting.
- Double vision
Risk Factors for Astigmatism
While astigmatism can affect anyone, it is more prevalent in certain people. Some of the risk factors that make astigmatism more likely include the following:
- Genetic & Family History: The strongest predictor is heredity. Having a parent with astigmatism significantly raises your likelihood of developing it. Related conditions include keratoconus (a progressive thinning and cone-shaping of the cornea with a strong genetic component), Down syndrome, and premature birth, all of which are associated with higher rates of astigmatism.
- Eye Conditions: Anything that physically distorts the cornea can cause or worsen astigmatism. This includes eye injuries, scarring, and surgical incisions (such as post-cataract or post-LASIK irregularities). Eye diseases like pterygium (a growth on the white of the eye) and even a chalazion (an eyelid cyst) can press on the cornea and alter its curvature over time.
- Lifestyle & Environment: Habitual eye rubbing applies repeated mechanical pressure to the cornea and may gradually reshape it, increasing astigmatism risk. Prolonged near work (reading, screens) and limited time spent outdoors are also associated with progression, particularly in children.
- Demographics: Astigmatism tends to increase with age as the cornea naturally changes shape. It is more prevalent in certain ethnic groups, particularly Asian and Hispanic populations, as well. It also very commonly co-occurs with other refractive errors like myopia (nearsightedness) or hyperopia (farsightedness)
KNOW YOUR DOCTOR
Dr. Archana Gupta
Cataract Surgeon, Ophthalmologist, Cornea & External Diseases Specialist
Dr. Archana Gupta is a board certified ophthalmologist. She specializes in cataract, cornea, external diseases and refractive surgery.
Diagnosing Astigmatism
Astigmatism can be diagnosed during a complete eye exam. During this exam, a series of tests will be performed to check your eye health and refraction (how the eye bends and focuses light rays). Various instruments may be used, including a phoropter to help determine how to shape a lens to correct distorted vision, an autorefractor to determine the corrective lenses you require, and a keratometer to measure the curve of your cornea or any irregular shape. All of these tests can help to properly diagnose and measure so that we can better treat astigmatism.
Astigmatism Treatment Options and Astigmatism Management
The main goal of astigmatism treatment is to help improve the clarity of your vision and ensure eye comfort. At our office, treatment options include:
Corrective Lenses: Mild to moderate astigmatism can often be corrected with glasses or contact lenses, which work by counteracting uneven curvatures of your cornea or lens. Eyeglasses are created with lenses that help to compensate for the uneven shape of the eye, and can also correct other refractive errors like farsightedness or nearsightedness. Contact lenses are available in a selection of types and styles to correct astigmatism, like toric lenses. Our eye doctor, Dr. Gupta will speak with you to determine which type is best for your lifestyle and your type of refractive error.
LASIK Eye Surgery: Refractive surgery such as LASIK surgery can improve your vision and also reduce the need for eyeglasses or contact lenses. During this procedure, a hinged flap is created in the cornea, and a laser beam is used to reshape the curves of the cornea. The flap is then put back into place.
Other Refractive Surgeries: Clear lens extraction and implantable toric contact lenses are alternative refractive surgery options. The best way to determine which treatment option is right for you is through a free consultation appointment and eye assessment with Dr. Gupta.
Astigmatism FAQ
What is astigmatism and how does it affect vision?
Is astigmatism something you’re born with or can it develop over time?
Can astigmatism get worse if it’s not treated?
Can astigmatism cause headaches or eye strain?
Does astigmatism affect night vision or driving?
Schedule Your Appointment
For a comprehensive eye exam to diagnose astigmatism, contact Advance Eye Surgeons in Boca Raton & Tamarac, FL today to schedule your appointment. As a certified ophthalmologist, Dr. Gupta is dedicated to providing each of her patients with outstanding care.
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